@Entity
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;

    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    private String email;

    private int age;
}

3. 使用 CriteriaBuilder 進行過濾

現在，讓我們來解決問題的核心——在持久層中的查詢。

構建查詢抽象是一個平衡的問題。一方面，我們需要相當大的靈活性，另一方面，我們需要保持複雜性可控。從高層來看，功能很簡單——你傳遞一些約束條件，你就能得到一些結果。

讓我們看看它是如何工作的：

@Repository
public class UserDAO implements IUserDAO {

    @PersistenceContext
    private EntityManager entityManager;

    @Override
    public List<User> searchUser(List<SearchCriteria> params) {
        CriteriaBuilder builder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
        CriteriaQuery<User> query = builder.createQuery(User.class);
        Root r = query.from(User.class);

        Predicate predicate = builder.conjunction();

        UserSearchQueryCriteriaConsumer searchConsumer = 
          new UserSearchQueryCriteriaConsumer(predicate, builder, r);
        params.stream().forEach(searchConsumer);
        predicate = searchConsumer.getPredicate();
        query.where(predicate);

        List<User> result = entityManager.createQuery(query).getResultList();
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public void save(User entity) {
        entityManager.persist(entity);
    }
}

讓我們來查看一下 UserSearchQueryCriteriaConsumer 類:

public class UserSearchQueryCriteriaConsumer implements Consumer<SearchCriteria>{

    private Predicate predicate;
    private CriteriaBuilder builder;
    private Root r;

    @Override
    public void accept(SearchCriteria param) {
        if (param.getOperation().equalsIgnoreCase(">")) {
            predicate = builder.and(predicate, builder
              .greaterThanOrEqualTo(r.get(param.getKey()), param.getValue().toString()));
        } else if (param.getOperation().equalsIgnoreCase("<")) {
            predicate = builder.and(predicate, builder.lessThanOrEqualTo(
              r.get(param.getKey()), param.getValue().toString()));
        } else if (param.getOperation().equalsIgnoreCase(":")) {
            if (r.get(param.getKey()).getJavaType() == String.class) {
                predicate = builder.and(predicate, builder.like(
                  r.get(param.getKey()), "%" + param.getValue() + "%"));
            } else {
                predicate = builder.and(predicate, builder.equal(
                  r.get(param.getKey()), param.getValue()));
            }
        }
    }

    // standard constructor, getter, setter
}

正如你所看到的，searchUser API 接受一個非常簡單的約束條件的列表，根據這些約束條件構建查詢，執行搜索並返回結果。

約束類也非常簡單:

public class SearchCriteria {
    private String key;
    private String operation;
    private Object value;
}

SearchCriteria 實現持有我們的 Query 參數:

• key: 用於存儲字段名稱——例如：firstName, age, … etc.
• operation: 用於存儲操作——例如：相等、小於等
• value: 用於存儲字段值——例如：john, 25, … etc.

4. 測試搜索查詢

現在，讓我們測試我們的搜索機制，以確保它能經受住考驗。

首先，讓我們為測試數據庫初始化它，添加兩個用户，如以下示例所示：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { PersistenceConfig.class })
@Transactional
@TransactionConfiguration
public class JPACriteriaQueryTest {

    @Autowired
    private IUserDAO userApi;

    private User userJohn;

    private User userTom;

    @Before
    public void init() {
        userJohn = new User();
        userJohn.setFirstName("John");
        userJohn.setLastName("Doe");
        userJohn.setEmail("[email protected]");
        userJohn.setAge(22);
        userApi.save(userJohn);

        userTom = new User();
        userTom.setFirstName("Tom");
        userTom.setLastName("Doe");
        userTom.setEmail("[email protected]");
        userTom.setAge(26);
        userApi.save(userTom);
    }
}

現在，讓我們獲取一個具有特定 firstName 和 lastName 的 User，如以下示例所示：

@Test
public void givenFirstAndLastName_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    List<SearchCriteria> params = new ArrayList<SearchCriteria>();
    params.add(new SearchCriteria("firstName", ":", "John"));
    params.add(new SearchCriteria("lastName", ":", "Doe"));

    List<User> results = userApi.searchUser(params);

    assertThat(userJohn, isIn(results));
    assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}

接下來，讓我們獲取一個 User 的列表，具有相同的 lastName：

@Test
public void givenLastAndAge_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    List<SearchCriteria> params = new ArrayList<SearchCriteria>();
    params.add(new SearchCriteria("lastName", ":", "Doe"));
    params.add(new SearchCriteria("age", ">", "25"));

    List<User> results = userApi.searchUser(params);

    assertThat(userJohn, isIn(results));
    assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}

接下來，讓我們搜索那些實際上不存在的用户：

@Test
public void givenWrongFirstAndLast_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    List<SearchCriteria> params = new ArrayList<SearchCriteria>();
    params.add(new SearchCriteria("firstName", ":", "Adam"));
    params.add(new SearchCriteria("lastName", ":", "Fox"));

    List<User> results = userApi.searchUser(params);
    assertThat(userJohn, not(isIn(results)));
    assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}

最後，讓我們搜索給定僅有部分 firstName 的用户：

@Test
public void givenPartialFirst_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    List<SearchCriteria> params = new ArrayList<SearchCriteria>();
    params.add(new SearchCriteria("firstName", ":", "jo"));

    List<User> results = userApi.searchUser(params);

    assertThat(userJohn, isIn(results));
    assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}