Ubuntu 通過 Netplan 配置網絡教程
Ubuntu through Netplan configuration network tutorial
一、Netplan 配置流程
1. Netplan configuration process
1、Netplan默認配置文件在/etc/netplan目錄下。您可以使用以下命令找到:
1. The default configuration file of Netplan is in the /etc/netplan directory. You can find it with the following command:
ls /etc/netplan/
就可以看到配置文件名稱。
You can see the configuration file name.
2、查看Netplan網絡配置文件的內容,執行以下命令:
2. View the contents of the Netplan network configuration file and execute the following command:
cat /etc/netplan/*.yaml
3、現在你需要在任何編輯器中打開配置文件: 由於我使用 vim 編輯器來編輯配置文件,所以我將運行:
3. Now you need to open the configuration file in any editor: Since I use the vim editor to edit the configuration file, I will run:
vim /etc/netplan/*.yaml
根據您的網絡需要更新配置文件。對於靜態 IP 尋址,添加 IP 地址、網關、DNS 信息,而對於動態 IP 尋址,無需添加此信息,因為它將從 DHCP 服務器獲取此信息。使用以下語法編輯配置文件。
Update the configuration file according to your network needs. For static IP addressing, add IP address, gateway, DNS information, and for dynamic IP addressing, there is no need to add this information because it will get this information from the DHCP server. Use the following syntax to edit the configuration file.
4、在應用任何更改之前,我們將測試配置文件。
4. We will test the configuration file before applying any changes.
sudo netplan try
如果沒有問題,它將返回配置接受消息。如果配置文件未通過測試,它將恢復為以前的工作配置。
If there is no problem, it will return a configuration acceptance message. If the configuration file fails the test, it will revert to the previous working configuration.
5、運行以下命令來應用新配置:
5. Run the following command to apply the new configuration:
sudo netplan apply
6、成功應用所有配置後,通過運行以下命令重新啓動 Network-Manager 服務:
6. After successfully applying all the configurations, restart the Network-Manager service by running the following command:
如果是桌面版:
If it is the desktop version:
sudo systemctl restart system-networkd
如果您使用的是 Ubuntu 服務器,請改用以下命令:
If you are using an Ubuntu server, use the following command instead:
sudo systemctl restart network-manager
7、驗證 IP 地址
7. Verify the IP address
ip a
二、Netplan 配置文件詳解
2. Detailed explanation of Netplan configuration file
1、使用 DHCP:
1. Use DHCP:
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
enp3s0:
dhcp4: true
2、使用靜態 IP:
2. Use static IP:
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
enp3s0:
addresses:
- 10.0.0.10/8
gateway4: 10.0.0.1
nameservers:
search: [mydomain, otherdomain]
addresses: [10.0.0.5, 1.1.1.1]
3、多個網口 DHCP:
3. Multiple network ports DHCP:
network:
version: 2
ethernets:
enred:
dhcp4: yes
dhcp4-overrides:
route-metric: 100
engreen:
dhcp4: yes
dhcp4-overrides:
route-metric: 200
4、連接開放的 WiFi(無密碼):
4. Connect to open WiFi (without password):
network:
version: 2
wifis:
wl0:
access-points:
opennetwork: {}
dhcp4: yes
5、連接 WPA 加密的 WiFi:
5. Connect to WPA encrypted WiFi:
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
wifis:
wlp2s0b1:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
addresses: [10.0.0.10/8]
gateway4: 10.0.0.1
nameservers:
addresses: [10.0.0.5, 8.8.8.8]
access-points:
"network_ssid_name":
password: "**********"
6、在單網卡上使用多個 IP 地址(同一網段):
6. Use multiple IP addresses on a single network card (same network segment):
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
enp3s0:
addresses:
- 10.0.0.10/8
- 10.0.0.10/8
gateway4: 10.0.0.1
7、在單網卡使用多個不同網段的 IP 地址:
7. Use multiple IP addresses of different network segments on a single network card:
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
enp3s0:
addresses:
- 9.0.0.9/24
- 10.0.0.10/24
- 11.0.0.11/24
#gateway4: # unset, since we configure routes below
routes:
- to: 0.0.0.0/0
via: 9.0.0.1
metric: 100
- to: 0.0.0.0/0
via: 10.0.0.1
metric: 100
- to: 0.0.0.0/0
via: 11.0.0.1
metric: 100
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