JVM是java程序運行的基礎，JVM中各種事件比如：GC,class loading,JPMS,heap,thread等等其實都可以有日誌來記錄。通過這些日誌，我們可以監控JVM中的事件，並可以依次來對java應用程序進行調優。

在JDK9中引入的Xlog日誌服務就是為這個目的而創建的。另外注意：很多人在學Java高級過程中難免會遇到各種問題解決不了。為此我建了個裙 783802103，裏面很多架構師一起交流解答，沒基礎勿進哦！

通過xlog，JDK將JVM中的各種事件統一起來，以統一的形式對外輸出。通過tag參數來區分子系統，通過log level來區分事件的緊急性，通過logging output來配置輸出的地址。


xlog的使用

先看一個最簡單的xlog的使用例子：

java -Xlog -version

輸出結果：

[0.016s][info][os] Use of CLOCK_MONOTONIC is supported
[0.016s][info][os] Use of pthread_condattr_setclock is not supported
[0.016s][info][os] Relative timed-wait using pthread_cond_timedwait is associated with the default clock
[0.017s][info][os] SafePoint Polling address, bad (protected) page:0x0000000108901000, good (unprotected) page:0x0000000108902000
[0.022s][info][biasedlocking] Aligned thread 0x00007f983e008200 to 0x00007f983e008800
[0.023s][info][os,thread    ] Thread attached (tid: 10499, pthread id: 123145571979264).

日誌非常非常長，這裏就不全部列出來了。從輸出的日誌我們可以看到java -verson命令中JVM執行了諸多的操作。

我們可以看到日誌中對每一個操作都列出了操作花費的時間，日誌級別和操作所屬的分類。

通過這些日誌，我們對於JVM的運行可以有更加深入的理解。

使用java -Xlog:help命令我們看一下xlog的基本格式：

-Xlog Usage: -Xlog[:[selections][:[output][:[decorators][:output-options]]]]
	 where "selections" are combinations of tags and levels of the form tag1[+tag2...][*][=level][,...]
	 NOTE: Unless wildcard (*) is specified, only log messages tagged with exactly the tags specified will be matched.

selections

selections表示的是到底需要輸出哪些信息。是以tag=level來表示的。

tag表示的是JVM中的事件或者子系統：

Available log tags:
 add, age, alloc, annotation, aot, arguments, attach, barrier, biasedlocking, blocks, bot, breakpoint, bytecode, cds, census, class, classhisto, cleanup, codecache, compaction, compilation, constantpool, constraints, container, coops, cpu, cset, data, datacreation, dcmd, decoder, defaultmethods, director, dump, dynamic, ergo, event, exceptions, exit, fingerprint, free, freelist, gc, handshake, hashtables, heap, humongous, ihop, iklass, init, inlining, install, interpreter, itables, jfr, jit, jni, jvmti, liveness, load, loader, logging, malloc, mark, marking, membername, memops, metadata, metaspace, methodcomparator, mirror, mmu, module, monitorinflation, monitormismatch, nestmates, nmethod, normalize, numa, objecttagging, obsolete, oldobject, oom, oopmap, oops, oopstorage, os, pagesize, parser, patch, path, perf, periodic, phases, plab, preorder, preview, promotion, protectiondomain, ptrqueue, purge, record, redefine, ref, refine, region, reloc, remset, resolve, safepoint, sampling, scavenge, setting, smr, stackmap, stacktrace, stackwalk, start, startuptime, state, stats, streaming, stringdedup, stringtable, subclass, survivor, sweep, symboltable, system, table, task, thread, time, timer, tlab, tracking, unload, unshareable, update, verification, verify, vmmutex, vmoperation, vmthread, vtables, vtablestubs, workgang
 Specifying "all" instead of a tag combination matches all tag combinations

levels表示的是日誌的級別：

Available log levels:
 off, trace, debug, info, warning, error

下面舉個例子：

java -Xlog:os,class=info -version

輸出結果：

[0.002s][info][os] Use of CLOCK_MONOTONIC is supported
[0.002s][info][os] Use of pthread_condattr_setclock is not supported
[0.002s][info][os] Relative timed-wait using pthread_cond_timedwait is associated with the default clock
[0.003s][info][os] SafePoint Polling address, bad (protected) page:0x0000000109543000, good (unprotected) page:0x0000000109544000
[0.006s][info][os] attempting shared library load of /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-14.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/libjava.dylib
[0.007s][info][os] shared library load of /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-14.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/libjava.dylib was successful
[0.007s][info][os] attempting shared library load of /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-14.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/libzip.dylib
[0.010s][info][os] shared library load of /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-14.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/libzip.dylib was successful

output

output表示將日誌輸出到什麼地方。

output的可選項：

stdout/stderr
 file=<filename>

stdout表示標準輸出，stderr表示標準錯誤。file表示輸出到文件裏面。

舉個例子：

java -Xlog:all=debug:file=debug.log -version

decorators

decorators表示輸出哪些內容到日誌中。

time (t), utctime (utc), uptime (u), timemillis (tm), uptimemillis (um), timenanos (tn), uptimenanos (un), hostname (hn), pid (p), tid (ti), level (l), tags (tg)
 Decorators can also be specified as "none" for no decoration

看下這個例子：

java -Xlog:gc*=debug:stdout:time,uptimemillis,tid -version

輸出結果：

[2020-05-05T16:12:06.871-0800][32ms][9475] Heap region size: 1M
[2020-05-05T16:12:06.871-0800][32ms][9475] Minimum heap 8388608  Initial heap 134217728  Maximum heap 2147483648
[2020-05-05T16:12:06.872-0800][33ms][9475] Heap address: 0x0000000780000000, size: 2048 MB, Compressed Oops mode: Zero based, Oop shift amount: 3
[2020-05-05T16:12:06.872-0800][33ms][9475] ConcGCThreads: 1 offset 8
[2020-05-05T16:12:06.872-0800][33ms][9475] ParallelGCThreads: 4

總結

xlog是JDK9中提供的非常有用的一個功能。大家可以在日常的工作中使用。另外大家要注意：很多人在學Java高級過程中難免會遇到各種問題解決不了。為此我建了個裙 783802103，裏面很多架構師一起交流解答，沒基礎勿進哦！

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