前言

在前端部署過程中，通常會使用nginx作為部署服務器，而對於默認的nginx服務來説，其提供了對應的日誌記錄，可以用於記錄服務器訪問的相關日誌，對於系統穩定性及健壯性監控來説，日誌採集、分析等能夠提供更加量化的指標性建設，本文旨在簡述前端應用及打點服務過程中所需要使用的nginx採集方案。

架構

打點日誌採集

對於前端應用來説，通常需要埋點及處理對應的數據服務

應用日誌採集

對於日常應用來説，通常需要對nginx服務器本身的穩定性進行收集處理

實踐

Nginx

日誌格式

設置日誌格式 log_format 為約定的日誌內容，可以用於日誌清洗及過濾等，對於nginx的日誌格式可以參看Nginx log_format官方文檔

日誌路徑

配置server的access_log，例如：

# /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
http {
    log_format aaa '$time_iso8601 $remote_addr $http_host $status $request_time $request_length $body_bytes_sent $request_uri $http_user_agent';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  aaa;

    server {

        if ($time_iso8601 ~ "^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T(\d{2}):(\d{2})") {
            set $year $1;
            set $month $2;
            set $day $3;
            set $hour $4;
            set $minute $5;
        }
        access_log /var/log/nginx/aaa/$year$month-$day-$hour-$minute.log aaa;

        location = /dig.gif {
            empty_gif;
        }
    }
}

日誌清除

為防止nginx產生的日誌佔滿磁盤，需要定期清除，可以設置清除的時間間隔為1天，例如：

#!/bin/bash
#Filename: delete_nginx_logs.sh
LOGS_PATH=/var/log/nginx
KEEP_DAYS=30
PID_FILE=/run/nginx.pid
YESTERDAY=$(date -d "yesterday" +%Y-%m-%d)
if [ -f $PID_FILE ];then
    echo `date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"` Deleting logs...
    mv ${LOGS_PATH}/access.log ${LOGS_PATH}/access.${YESTERDAY}.log >/dev/null 2>&1
    mv ${LOGS_PATH}/access.json ${LOGS_PATH}/access.${YESTERDAY}.json >/dev/null 2>&1
    mv ${LOGS_PATH}/error.log ${LOGS_PATH}/error.${YESTERDAY}.log >/dev/null 2>&1
    kill -USR1 `cat $PID_FILE`
    echo `date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"` Logs have deleted.
else
    echo `date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"` Please make sure that nginx is running...
fi
echo

find $LOGS_PATH -type f -mtime +$KEEP_DAYS -print0 |xargs -0 rm -f

也可以建立一個刪除日誌的腳本，用於記錄刪除腳本的日誌

Filebeat

filebeat是一個日誌文件託運工具，在你的服務器上安裝客户端後，filebeat會監控日誌目錄或者指定的日誌文件，追蹤讀取這些文件（追蹤文件的變化，不停的讀），並且轉發這些信息到elasticsearch或者logstarsh或者kafka等。

通過 filebeat.yml 進行相關的配置，例如：

###################### Filebeat Configuration Example #########################

# This file is an example configuration file highlighting only the most common
# options. The filebeat.reference.yml file from the same directory contains all the
# supported options with more comments. You can use it as a reference.
#
# You can find the full configuration reference here:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/index.html

# For more available modules and options, please see the filebeat.reference.yml sample
# configuration file.

# ============================== Filebeat inputs ===============================

filebeat.inputs:

# Each - is an input. Most options can be set at the input level, so
# you can use different inputs for various configurations.
# Below are the input specific configurations.

- type: log

# Change to true to enable this input configuration.
enabled: true

# Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
paths:
    - /var/log/nginx/ferms/*.log
    #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*

# Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are
# matching any regular expression from the list.
#exclude_lines: ['^DBG']

# Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are
# matching any regular expression from the list.
#include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN']

# Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that
# are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.
#exclude_files: ['.gz$']

# Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked
# to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering
#fields:
#  level: debug
#  review: 1

### Multiline options

# Multiline can be used for log messages spanning multiple lines. This is common
# for Java Stack Traces or C-Line Continuation

# The regexp Pattern that has to be matched. The example pattern matches all lines starting with [
#multiline.pattern: ^\[

# Defines if the pattern set under pattern should be negated or not. Default is false.
#multiline.negate: false

# Match can be set to "after" or "before". It is used to define if lines should be append to a pattern
# that was (not) matched before or after or as long as a pattern is not matched based on negate.
# Note: After is the equivalent to previous and before is the equivalent to to next in Logstash
#multiline.match: after

# ============================== Filebeat modules ==============================

filebeat.config.modules:
# Glob pattern for configuration loading
path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml

# Set to true to enable config reloading
reload.enabled: false

# Period on which files under path should be checked for changes
#reload.period: 10s

# ======================= Elasticsearch template setting =======================

setup.template.settings:
index.number_of_shards: 3
#index.codec: best_compression
#_source.enabled: false


# ================================== General ===================================

# The name of the shipper that publishes the network data. It can be used to group
# all the transactions sent by a single shipper in the web interface.
#name:

# The tags of the shipper are included in their own field with each
# transaction published.
#tags: ["service-X", "web-tier"]

# Optional fields that you can specify to add additional information to the
# output.
#fields:
#  env: staging

# ================================= Dashboards =================================
# These settings control loading the sample dashboards to the Kibana index. Loading
# the dashboards is disabled by default and can be enabled either by setting the
# options here or by using the `setup` command.
#setup.dashboards.enabled: false

# The URL from where to download the dashboards archive. By default this URL
# has a value which is computed based on the Beat name and version. For released
# versions, this URL points to the dashboard archive on the artifacts.elastic.co
# website.
#setup.dashboards.url:

# =================================== Kibana ===================================

# Starting with Beats version 6.0.0, the dashboards are loaded via the Kibana API.
# This requires a Kibana endpoint configuration.
setup.kibana:

# Kibana Host
# Scheme and port can be left out and will be set to the default (http and 5601)
# In case you specify and additional path, the scheme is required: http://localhost:5601/path
# IPv6 addresses should always be defined as: https://[2001:db8::1]:5601
#host: "localhost:5601"

# Kibana Space ID
# ID of the Kibana Space into which the dashboards should be loaded. By default,
# the Default Space will be used.
#space.id:

# =============================== Elastic Cloud ================================

# These settings simplify using Filebeat with the Elastic Cloud (https://cloud.elastic.co/).

# The cloud.id setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.hosts` and
# `setup.kibana.host` options.
# You can find the `cloud.id` in the Elastic Cloud web UI.
#cloud.id:

# The cloud.auth setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.username` and
# `output.elasticsearch.password` settings. The format is `<user>:<pass>`.
#cloud.auth:

# ================================== Outputs ===================================

# Configure what output to use when sending the data collected by the beat.

output.kafka:
    hosts: ["xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9092","yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy:9092","zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz:9092"]
    topic: "fee"

# ---------------------------- Elasticsearch Output ----------------------------
#output.elasticsearch:
# Array of hosts to connect to.
#hosts: ["localhost:9200"]

# Protocol - either `http` (default) or `https`.
#protocol: "https"

# Authentication credentials - either API key or username/password.
#api_key: "id:api_key"
#username: "elastic"
#password: "changeme"

# ------------------------------ Logstash Output -------------------------------
#output.logstash:
# The Logstash hosts
#hosts: ["localhost:5044"]

# Optional SSL. By default is off.
# List of root certificates for HTTPS server verifications
#ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/root/ca.pem"]

# Certificate for SSL client authentication
#ssl.certificate: "/etc/pki/client/cert.pem"

# Client Certificate Key
#ssl.key: "/etc/pki/client/cert.key"

# ================================= Processors =================================
processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["@timestamp", "@metadata", "log", "input", "ecs", "host", "agent"]

# ================================== Logging ===================================

# Sets log level. The default log level is info.
# Available log levels are: error, warning, info, debug
# logging.level: debug

# At debug level, you can selectively enable logging only for some components.
# To enable all selectors use ["*"]. Examples of other selectors are "beat",
# "publish", "service".
#logging.selectors: ["*"]

# ============================= X-Pack Monitoring ==============================
# Filebeat can export internal metrics to a central Elasticsearch monitoring
# cluster.  This requires xpack monitoring to be enabled in Elasticsearch.  The
# reporting is disabled by default.

# Set to true to enable the monitoring reporter.
#monitoring.enabled: false

# Sets the UUID of the Elasticsearch cluster under which monitoring data for this
# Filebeat instance will appear in the Stack Monitoring UI. If output.elasticsearch
# is enabled, the UUID is derived from the Elasticsearch cluster referenced by output.elasticsearch.
#monitoring.cluster_uuid:

# Uncomment to send the metrics to Elasticsearch. Most settings from the
# Elasticsearch output are accepted here as well.
# Note that the settings should point to your Elasticsearch *monitoring* cluster.
# Any setting that is not set is automatically inherited from the Elasticsearch
# output configuration, so if you have the Elasticsearch output configured such
# that it is pointing to your Elasticsearch monitoring cluster, you can simply
# uncomment the following line.
#monitoring.elasticsearch:

# ============================== Instrumentation ===============================

# Instrumentation support for the filebeat.
#instrumentation:
    # Set to true to enable instrumentation of filebeat.
    #enabled: false

    # Environment in which filebeat is running on (eg: staging, production, etc.)
    #environment: ""

    # APM Server hosts to report instrumentation results to.
    #hosts:
    #  - http://localhost:8200

    # API Key for the APM Server(s).
    # If api_key is set then secret_token will be ignored.
    #api_key:

    # Secret token for the APM Server(s).
    #secret_token:


# ================================= Migration ==================================

# This allows to enable 6.7 migration aliases
#migration.6_to_7.enabled: true

總結

日誌系統作為大型系統的重要組成部分，在前端側的應用過程中通常不如後端體系那麼龐大和重視，但其重要的數據支撐作用在前端系統中也是不可或缺的，對於日誌的過濾清洗及分析也可以在前端體系中做一些對應生態建設。

參考

• 三種姿勢輕鬆採集 Nginx 日誌
• 8分鐘帶你深入淺出搞懂Nginx
• docker部署Nginx並使用filebeat收集運行日誌
• docker容器啓動filebeat採集nginx模版(module)數據
• 分佈式ELK平台之Kibana和Logstash
• Filebeat